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User-initiated calls | Developer Documentation

User-initiated calls

Updated: Nov 13, 2025

Overview

The Calling API supports receiving calls made by WhatsApp users to your business.
Your business dictates when calls can be received by configuring business calling hours and holiday unavailability.
Consumer device eligibility
Currently, the WhatsApp Business Calling API can accept calls from a consumer’s primary and companion iPhone or Android phones.
A primary device is the consumer’s main device, typically a mobile phone, which holds the authoritative state for the user’s account. It has full access to messaging history and core functionalities. There is exactly one primary device per user account at any given time.
Companion devices are additional devices registered to the user’s account that can operate alongside the primary device. Examples include web clients, desktop apps, tablets, and smart glasses. Companion devices have access to some or all messaging history and core features but are limited compared to the primary device. For Cloud API Calling, only iPhone and Android phone companion devices are supported for user-initiated calls.
Callback permission functionality on companion devices
For businesses that have the callback setting enabled, this functionality is not supported on companion devices yet.

Prerequisites

Before you get started with user-initiated calling, ensure that:
    Subscribe to the calls webhook fieldEnable Calling API features on your business phone number

    Call sequence diagram

    Call sequence diagram showing the flow of user-initiated calls

    User-initiated calling flow

    Part 1: A WhatsApp user calls your business from their client app

    When a WhatsApp user calls your business, a Call Connect webhook will be triggered with an SDP Offer:
    {
  "object": "whatsapp_business_account",
  "entry": [
    {
      "id": "366634483210360", // WhatsApp Business Account ID associated with the business phone number
      "changes": [
        {
          "value": {
            "messaging_product": "whatsapp",
            "metadata": { // ID and display number for the business phone number placing the call (caller)
              "phone_number_id": "436666719526789",
              "display_phone_number": "13175551399",
            },
            "calls": [
              {
                "id": "wacid.ABGGFjFVU2AfAgo6V-Hc5eCgK5Gh", // The WhatsApp call ID
                "to": "16315553601", // The WhatsApp user's phone number (callee)
                "from": "13175551399",
                "event": "connect",
                "timestamp": "1671644824",
                "session": {
                  "sdp_type": "offer",
                  "sdp": "<<RFC 8866 SDP>>"
                }
              }
            ]
          },
          "field": "calls"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

    Part 2: Your business pre-accepts the call (recommended)

    When you pre-accept an inbound call, you allow the calling media connection to be established before attempting to send call media through the connection.
    Pre-accepting calls is recommended because it facilitates faster connection times and avoids audio clipping issues.
    To pre-accept, you call the POST <PHONE_NUMBER_ID>/calls endpoint with the call_id from the previous webhook, an action of pre-accept, and an SDP Answer:
    POST <PHONE_NUMBER_ID>/calls
{
  "messaging_product": "whatsapp",
  "call_id": "wacid.ABGGFjFVU2AfAgo6V-Hc5eCgK5Gh",
  "action": "pre_accept",
  "session": {
     "sdp_type": "answer"
     "sdp": "<<RFC 8866 SDP>>"
  }
}
    If there are no errors, you’ll receive a success response:
    {
  "success" : true
}

    Part 3: Your business accepts the call after the WebRTC connection is made

    Once the WebRTC connection is made on your end, you can accept the call.
    Once you accept the call, wait until you receive a 200 OK back from the endpoint. Media will begin flowing immediately since the connection was established prior to call connect.
    You can now call the POST <PHONE_NUMBER_ID>/calls endpoint with the following request body to accept the call:
    POST <PHONE_NUMBER_ID>/calls
{
  "messaging_product": "whatsapp",
  "call_id": "wacid.ABGGFjFVU2AfAgo6V-Hc5eCgK5Gh",
  "action": "accept",
  "session" : {
      "sdp_type" : "answer",
      "sdp" : "<<RFC 8866 SDP>>"
   },
}

    Part 4: Your business or the WhatsApp user terminates the call

    Either the business or the WhatsApp user can terminate the call at any time.
    You call the POST <PHONE_NUMBER_ID>/calls endpoint with the following request body to terminate the call:
    POST <PHONE_NUMBER_ID>/calls
{
  "messaging_product": "whatsapp",
  "call_id": "wacid.ABGGFjFVU2AfAgo6V-Hc5eCgK5Gh",
  "action" : "terminate"
}
    If there are no errors, you’ll receive a success response:
    {
  "success" : true
}
    When either the business or the WhatsApp user terminates the call, you receive a Call Terminate webhook:
    {
  "object": "whatsapp_business_account",
  "entry": [
    {
      "id": "366634483210360", // WhatsApp Business Account ID associated with the business phone number
      "changes": [
        {
          "value": {
            "messaging_product": "whatsapp",
            "metadata": { // ID and display number for the business phone number placing the call (caller)
              "phone_number_id": "436666719526789"
              "display_phone_number": "13175551399",

            },
            "calls": [
              {
                "id": "wacid.ABGGFjFVU2AfAgo6V-Hc5eCgK5Gh",
                "to": "16315553601", // The WhatsApp user's phone number (callee)
                "from": "13175551399", // The business phone number placing the call (caller)
                "event": "terminate",
                "direction": "USER_INITIATED",
                "timestamp": "1749197480",
                "status": ["Failed", "Completed"],
                "start_time": "1671644824", // Call start UNIX timestamp
                "end_time": "1671644944", // Call end UNIX timestamp
                "duration": 480 // Call duration in seconds
              }
            ]
          },
          "field": "calls"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

    Endpoints for user-initiated calling

    Pre-accept call

    When you pre-accept an inbound call, you allow the calling media connection to be established before attempting to send call media through the connection.
    When you then call the accept call endpoint, media begins flowing immediately since the connection has already been established.
    Pre-accepting calls is recommended because it facilitates faster connection times and avoids audio clipping issues.
    There is about 30 to 60 seconds after the Call Connect webhook is sent for the business to accept the phone call. If the business does not respond, the call is terminated on the WhatsApp user side with a “Not Answered” notification and a Terminate Webhook is delivered back to you.
    Note: Since the WebRTC connection is established before calling the Accept Call endpoint, make sure to flow the call media only after you receive a 200 OK response back.
    If call media flows too early, the caller will miss the first few words of the call. If call media flows too late, callers will hear silence.
    Request syntax
    POST <PHONE_NUMBER_ID/calls
    Placeholder Description Sample Value
    <PHONE_NUMBER_ID>
    Integer
    Required

    The business phone number which you are using Calling API features from.
    +12784358810
    Request body
    {
  "messaging_product": "whatsapp",
  "call_id": "wacid.ABGGFjFVU2AfAgo6V-Hc5eCgK5Gh",
  "action": "pre_accept",
  "session" : {
      "sdp_type" : "answer",
      "sdp" : "<<RFC 8866 SDP>>"
   }
}
    Body parameters
    Parameter Description Sample Value
    call_id
    String
    Required

    The ID of the phone call.
    For inbound calls, you receive a call ID from the Call Connect webhook when a WhatsApp user initiates the call.
    “wacid.ABGGFjFVU2AfAgo6V-Hc5eCgK5Gh”
    action
    String
    Optional

    The action being taken on the given call ID.
    Values can be connect | pre_accept | accept | reject | terminate
    “pre_accept”
    session
    JSON object
    Optional

    Contains the session description protocol (SDP) type and description language.
    Requires two values:
    sdp_type — (String) Required
    “offer”, to indicate SDP offer
    sdp — (String) Required
    The SDP info of the device on the other end of the call. The SDP must be compliant with RFC 8866⁠.
    "session" :
{
"sdp_type" : "offer",
"sdp" : "<<RFC 8866 SDP>>"
}
    Success response
    {
  "messaging_product": "whatsapp",
  "success" : true
}
    Error response
    Possible errors that can occur:
      Invalid call-idInvalid phone-number-idError related to your payment methodInvalid Connection info, for example, SDP or ICEAccept/Reject an already In Progress/Completed/Failed callPermissions/Authorization errors

      Accept call

      Use this endpoint to connect to a call by providing a call agent’s SDP.
      You have about 30 to 60 seconds after the Call Connect Webhook is sent to accept the phone call. If your business does not respond, the call is terminated on the WhatsApp user side with a “Not Answered” notification and a Terminate Webhook is delivered back to you.
      Request syntax
      POST <PHONE_NUMBER_ID/calls
      Placeholder Description Sample Value
      <PHONE_NUMBER_ID>
      Integer
      Required

      The business phone number which you are using Calling API features from.
      +12784358810
      Request body
      {
  "messaging_product": "whatsapp",
  "call_id": "wacid.ABGGFjFVU2AfAgo6V-Hc5eCgK5Gh",
  "action": "accept",
  "session" : {
      "sdp_type" : "answer",
      "sdp" : "<<RFC 8866 SDP>>"
   },
   "biz_opaque_callback_data": "random_string"
}
      Body parameters
      Parameter Description Sample Value
      call_id
      String
      Required

      The ID of the phone call.
      For inbound calls, you receive a call ID from the Call Connect webhook when a WhatsApp user initiates the call.
      “wacid.ABGGFjFVU2AfAgo6V-Hc5eCgK5Gh”
      action
      String
      Optional

      The action being taken on the given call ID.
      Values can be connect | pre_accept | accept | reject | terminate
      “accept”
      session
      JSON object
      Optional

      Contains the session description protocol (SDP) type and description language.
      Requires two values:
      sdp_type — (String) Required
      “offer”, to indicate SDP offer
      sdp — (String) Required
      The SDP info of the device on the other end of the call. The SDP must be compliant with RFC 8866⁠.
      "session" :
{
"sdp_type" : "offer",
"sdp" : "<<RFC 8866 SDP>>"
}
      biz_opaque_callback_data
      String
      Optional

      An arbitrary string you can pass in that is useful for tracking and logging purposes.
      Any app subscribed to the “calls” webhook field on your WhatsApp Business Account can receive this string, as it is included in the calls object within the subsequent Terminate webhook payload.
      Cloud API does not process this field, it just returns it as part of the Terminate webhook.
      Maximum 512 characters
      “8huas8d80nn”
      Success response
      {
  "messaging_product": "whatsapp",
  "success" : true
}
      Error response
      Possible errors that can occur:
        Invalid call-idInvalid phone-number-idError related to your payment methodInvalid Connection info, for example, SDP or ICEAccept/Reject an already In Progress/Completed/Failed callPermissions/Authorization errorsSDP answer provided in accept does not match the SDP answer given in the Pre-Accept endpoint for the same call-id

        Reject call

        Use this endpoint to reject a call.
        You have about 30 to 60 seconds after the Call Connect webhook is sent to accept the phone call. If the business does not respond, the call is terminated on the WhatsApp user side with a “Not Answered” notification and a Terminate Webhook is delivered back to you.
        Request syntax
        POST <PHONE_NUMBER_ID/calls
        Placeholder Description Sample Value
        <PHONE_NUMBER_ID>
        Integer
        Required

        The business phone number which you are using Calling API features from.
        +12784358810
        Request body
        {
  "messaging_product": "whatsapp",
  "call_id": "wacid.ABGGFjFVU2AfAgo6V-Hc5eCgK5Gh",
  "action": "reject"
}
        Body parameters
        Parameter Description Sample Value
        call_id
        String
        Required

        The ID of the phone call.
        For inbound calls, you receive a call ID from the Call Connect webhook when a WhatsApp user initiates the call.
        “wacid.ABGGFjFVU2AfAgo6V-Hc5eCgK5Gh”
        action
        String
        Optional

        The action being taken on the given call ID.
        Values can be connect | pre_accept | accept | reject | terminate
        “reject”
        Success response
        {
  "messaging_product": "whatsapp",
  "success" : true
}
        Error response
        Possible errors that can occur:
          Invalid call-idInvalid phone-number-idAccept/Reject an already In Progress/Completed/Failed callPermissions/Authorization errors

          Terminate call

          Use this endpoint to terminate an active call.
          This must be done even if there is an RTCP BYE packet in the media path. Ending the call this way also ensures pricing is more accurate.
          When the WhatsApp user terminates the call, you do not have to call this endpoint. Once the call is successfully terminated, a Call Terminate Webhook will be sent to you.
          Request syntax
          POST <PHONE_NUMBER_ID/calls
          Placeholder Description Sample Value
          <PHONE_NUMBER_ID>
          Integer
          Required

          The business phone number which you are using Calling API features from.
          +12784358810
          Request body
          {
  "messaging_product": "whatsapp",
  "call_id": "wacid.ABGGFjFVU2AfAgo6V-Hc5eCgK5Gh",
  "action": "terminate"
}
          Body parameters
          Parameter Description Sample Value
          call_id
          String
          Required

          The ID of the phone call.
          For inbound calls, you receive a call ID from the Call Connect webhook when a WhatsApp user initiates the call.
          “wacid.ABGGFjFVU2AfAgo6V-Hc5eCgK5Gh”
          action
          String
          Optional

          The action being taken on the given call ID.
          Values can be connect | pre_accept | accept | reject | terminate
          “terminate”
          Success response
          {
  "messaging_product": "whatsapp",
  "success" : true
}
          Error response
          Possible errors that can occur:
            Invalid call-idInvalid phone-number-idAccept/Reject an already In Progress/Completed/Failed callReject call is already in progressPermissions/Authorization errors

            Webhooks for user-initiated calling

            With all Calling API webhooks, there is a ”calls” object inside the ”value” object of the webhook response. The ”calls” object contains metadata about the call that is used to action on each call received by your business.
            To receive Calling API webhooks, subscribe to the calls webhook field.

            Call Connect webhook

            A webhook notification is sent in near real-time when a call initiated by your business is ready to be connected to the WhatsApp user (an SDP Answer).
            Critically, the webhook contains information required to establish a call connection via WebRTC.
            Once you receive the Call Connect webhook, you can apply the SDP Answer received in the webhook to your WebRTC stack in order to initiate the media connection.
            {
  "object": "whatsapp_business_account",
  "entry": [
    {
      "id": "<WHATSAPP_BUSINESS_ACCOUNT_ID>",
      "changes": [
        {
          "value": {
            "messaging_product": "whatsapp",
            "metadata": {
              "display_phone_number": "16315553601",
              "phone_number_id": "<PHONE_NUMBER_ID>"
            },
            "contacts": [
              {
                "profile": {
                  "name": "<CALLEE_NAME>"
                },
                "wa_id": "16315553602"
              }
            ],
            "calls": [
              {
                "id": "wacid.ABGGFjFVU2AfAgo6V-Hc5eCgK5Gh",
                "to": "16315553601",
                "from": "16315553602",
                "event": "connect",
                "timestamp": "1671644824",
                "direction": "USER_INITIATED",
                "deeplink_payload": "deeplink_payload",
                "cta_payload": "cta_payload",
                "session": {
                  "sdp_type": "offer",
                  "sdp": "<<RFC 8866 SDP>>"
                }
              }
            ]
          },
          "field": "calls"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}
            Webhook values for "calls"
            Placeholder Description
            id
            String
            A unique ID for the call
            to
            Integer
            The number being called (callee)
            from
            Integer
            The number of the caller
            event
            Integer
            The calling event that this webhook is notifying the subscriber of
            timestamp
            Integer
            The UNIX timestamp of the webhook event
            direction
            String
            The direction of the call being made.
            Can contain either:
            BUSINESS_INITIATED, for calls initiated by your business.
            USER_INITIATED, for calls initiated by a WhatsApp user.
            deeplink_payload
            String
            Arbitrary string specified in biz_payload query param on a call deeplink. Will only be returned if call was initiated from a deeplink with such param.
            cta_payload
            String
            Arbitrary string specified in payload field on a call button. Will only be returned if call was initiated from a call button with payload.
            session
            JSON object
            Optional

            Contains the session description protocol (SDP) type and description language.
            Requires two values:
            sdp_type — (String) Required
            “offer”, to indicate SDP offer
            sdp — (String) Required
            The SDP info of the device on the other end of the call. The SDP must be compliant with RFC 8866⁠.
            contacts
            JSON object
            Profile information of the callee.
            Contains two values:
            name — The WhatsApp profile name of the callee.
            wa_id — The WhatsApp ID of the callee.

            Call Terminate webhook

            A webhook notification is sent whenever the call has been terminated for any reason, such as when the WhatsApp user hangs up, or when the business calls the POST /<PHONE_NUMBER_ID>/calls endpoint with an action of terminate or reject.
            {
  "object": "whatsapp_business_account",
  "entry": [
    {
      "id": "<WHATSAPP_BUSINESS_ACCOUNT_ID>",
      "changes": [
        {
          "value": {
              "messaging_product": "whatsapp",
              "metadata": {
                   "display_phone_number": "16505553602",
                   "phone_number_id": "<PHONE_NUMBER_ID>",
              },
               "calls": [
                {
                    "id": "wacid.ABGGFjFVU2AfAgo6V-Hc5eCgK5Gh",
                    "to": "16315553601",
                    "from": "16315553602",
                    "event": "terminate"
                    "direction": "USER_INITIATED",
                    "deeplink_payload": "deeplink_payload",
                    "cta_payload": "cta_payload",
                    "biz_opaque_callback_data": "random_string",
                    "timestamp": "1671644824",
                    "status" : [FAILED | COMPLETED],
                    "start_time" : "1671644824",
                    "end_time" : "1671644944",
                    "duration" : 120
                }
              ],
              "errors": [
                {
                    "code": INT_CODE,
                    "message": "ERROR_TITLE",
                    "href": "ERROR_HREF",
                    "error_data": {
                        "details": "ERROR_DETAILS"
                    }
                }
              ]
          },
          "field": "calls"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}
            Webhook values for "calls"
            Placeholder Description
            id
            String
            A unique ID for the call
            to
            Integer
            The number being called (callee)
            from
            Integer
            The number of the caller
            event
            Integer
            The calling event that this webhook is notifying the subscriber of
            timestamp
            Integer
            The UNIX timestamp of the webhook event
            direction
            String
            The direction of the call being made.
            Can contain either:
            BUSINESS_INITIATED, for calls initiated by your business.
            USER_INITIATED, for calls initiated by a WhatsApp user.
            deeplink_payload
            String
            Arbitrary string specified in biz_payload query param on a call deeplink. Will only be returned if call was initiated from a deeplink with such param.
            cta_payload
            String
            Arbitrary string specified in payload field on a call button. Will only be returned if call was initiated from a call button with payload.
            start_time
            Integer
            The UNIX timestamp of when the call started.
            Only present when the call was picked up by the other party.
            end_time
            Integer
            The UNIX timestamp of when the call ended.
            Only present when the call was picked up by the other party.
            duration
            Integer
            Duration of the call in seconds.
            Only present when the call was picked up by the other party.
            biz_opaque_callback_date
            String
            Arbitrary string your business passes into the call for tracking and logging purposes.
            Will only be returned if provided through an Initiate Call request or Accept Call request
            errors.code
            Integer
            The errors object is present only for failed calls when there is error information available. Code is one of the calling error codes

            Dual tone multi frequency (DTMF) support

            The dialpad provided by the Calling API only supports DTMF use cases.
            It does not support consumer-to-consumer calls and does not change any other calling behaviors. For example, the dialpad cannot be used to dial a number and initiate a call or message on WhatsApp.
            WhatsApp Business Calling API supports DTMF tones, with the intention to enable BSP applications to support IVR-based systems.
            WhatsApp users can press tone buttons on their client app and these DTMF tones are injected into the WebRTC RTP stream established as a part of the VoIP connection.
            Our WebRTC stream conforms to RFC 4733⁠ for the transfer of DTMF Digits via RTP Payload.
            There is no webhook for conveying DTMF digits.

            DTMF clock rate

            Only 8000 clock rate is supported in our SDPs. For user-initiated calls, our SDP offer includes only 8000 clock rate. For business-initiated calls, your SDP offer should have 8000 clock rate. Even if it is absent, the API still proceeds with 8000 clock rate against payload type 126.
            The RTP packets representing DTMF events will use the same timestamp base and sequence number base as the regular audio packets. So you don’t have to worry about differing clock rates between audio packets and DTMF packets. The duration field⁠ of the DTMF packet is calculated using 8000 clock units.
            The API does not support 48000 clock rate for DTMF.

            Sending DTMF digits on consumer WhatsApp client

            WhatsApp client applications are enhanced to have a dialpad for calls with CloudAPI business phone numbers. The WhatsApp user can press the buttons on the dialpad and send DTMF tones.
            WhatsApp client dialpad interface for DTMF tones

            SDP overview and sample SDP structures

            Session Description Protocol (SDP) is a text-based format used to describe the characteristics of multimedia sessions, such as voice and video calls, in real-time communication applications. SDP provides a standardized way to convey information about the session’s media streams, including the type of media, codecs, protocols, and other parameters necessary for establishing and managing the session.
            In the context of WebRTC, SDP is used to negotiate the media parameters between the sender and receiver, enabling them to agree on the specifics of the media exchange.

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